AA: I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and
this week on Wordmaster -- we chat again with English teacher Lida Baker
in Los Angeles about how to encourage English learners to speak up in
class.
RS: This week Lida focuses on very shy students.
This is one of the techniques she uses to engage those who are
especially reluctant to say anything in class:
BAKER:
"Probably the best activity for getting the students to talk is a paired
activity or a small group activity where each person in the group has a
different set of information and the students have to talk to each
other, asking questions, to get the information that the other people
have.
"So let's say, for instance, that we have three
students. They have to work together to fill out a calendar of, let's
say, their teacher's weekly schedule. So each of them has a calendar and
certain activities are filled in. But the activities that are filled in
are different for each of the three people in the group. So what they
then have to do is ask each other something like, 'What is Miss Baker
doing Friday at 3 p.m.?' Maybe Student A has that information, but
Student A doesn't have the information on what Miss Baker is doing on
Tuesday at 9 p.m., and so that student has to ask the other students in
the group to fill in or provide that information."
RS: "So they're talking and getting the information at the same time."
BAKER: "Right. Now it feels like a game, but in fact what's happening
in that activity [is this]: The students have to interact with one
another. It's inherently built into the activity that they have to ask
questions and provide each other with information, you see. So that is
one of the best activities for getting students to talk."
AA: "You have another example?"
BAKER: "Oh, many more! Role plays are wonderful for getting students
to talk, where you tell the students, let's see, you're in a bank, and
you have gone into the bank to get some cash. And when the bank clerk
gives you the cash that you asked for, you count it and you notice that
she has given you ten dollars less than you asked for. Role play -- act
out -- the scene in which you point out the error to the clerk, and try
to resolve this situation."
RS: Now that's an activity she
uses for small groups. When she's working with her whole class, and it's
time for students to answer questions, Lida Baker uses a deck of index
cards.
AA: Each card has a student's name written on it. She shuffles the deck, then pulls out one card after another.
BAKER: "I want to make sure that everybody in the class gets the
opportunity to speak, and I also want to prevent what happens so often
that students who are not shy call out or shout out the answers and
drown out everybody else."
AA: "So you're calling on one person at a time."
RS: "It's a crowd-control kind of thing."
BAKER: "I call on the students -- when I take out that deck of cards,
and I hold it up, and the students know it's card time, what that means
is that this is not a time when you're allowed to shout out answers. You
have to wait to be called on. But students have the option, if they
don't want to answer the question or for whatever reason they don't want
to respond, they're always allowed to pass. And I teach them the word
'pass,' and this is what makes the activity safe, that they know that
they have the opportunity to be silent, if that's their choice. So it
gives them a measure of control, you see, and that's why the activity is
successful."
AA: "And then you have to come up with some other activity to draw out the ones who keep passing, right?"
BAKER: "That doesn't happen, because another technique that a smart
teacher uses when you have people that are reticent to talk is that you
-- first of all, the students don't see the names on those cards. So if
an easy question comes up and I know that Jorge in the corner is feeling
uncomfortable about talking in class, I might pretend that it's Jorge's
name on the card -- "
RS: "Sneaky."
BAKER: " -- and give that easy question to Jorge, because I know --
RS: "He can answer it."
BAKER: " -- that he's going to get it right. So I want to -- again,
it's all about creating opportunities for students to succeed."
AA: Lida Baker teaches in the American Language Center at the
University of California at Los Angeles, and she also writes textbooks
for English learners.
RS: And that's Wordmaster for this
week. Don't be shy about writing us! Our e-mail address is
word@voanews.com, and you'll find our programs on the Web at
voanews.com/wordmaster. With Avi Arditti, I'm Rosanne Skirble.
MUSIC: "He's So Shy"/Pointer Sisters 1980
(Source: VOA/WORDMASTER)
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